A thorough introduction to 3D laser microfabrication technology, leading readers from the fundamentals and theory to its various potent applications, such as the generation of tiny objects or three-dimensional structures within the bulk of transparent materials.

The book also presents new theoretical material on dielectric breakdown, allowing a better understanding of the differences between optical damage on surfaces and inside the bulk, as well as a look into the future.

Chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers will find this a valuable source of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field of laser optics and nanotechnology.

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List of Contributors.

1 Introduction (Hiroaki Misawa and Saulius Juodkazis).

2 Laser–Matter Interaction Confined Inside the Bulk of a Transparent Solid (Eugene Gamaly, Barry Luther-Davies and Andrei Rode).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Laser–matter Interactions: Basic Processes and Governing Equations.

2.3 Nondestructive Interaction: Laser-induced Phase Transitions.

2.4 Laser–Solid Interaction at High Intensity.

2.5 Multiple-pulse Interaction: Energy Accumulation.

2.6 Conclusions.

3 Spherical Aberration and its Compensation for High Numerical Aperture Objectives (Min Gu and Guangyong Zhou).

3.1 Three-dimensional Indensity Point-spread Function in the Second Medium.

3.2 Spherical Aberration Compensation by a Tube-length Change.

3.3 Effects of Refractive Indices Mismatch-induced Spherical Aberration on 3D Optical Data Storage.

3.4 Effects of Refractive Index Mismatch Induced Spherical Aberration on the Laser Trapping Force.

3.5 Summary.

4 The Measurement of Ultrashort Light Pulses in Microfabrication Applications (Xun Gu, Selcuk Akturk, Aparna Shreenath, Qiang Cao, and Rick Trebino).

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Alternatives to FROG.

4.3 FROG and Cross-correlation FROG.

4.4 Dithered-crystal XFROG for Measuring Ultracomplex Supercontinuum Pulses.

4.5 OPAXFROG for Measuring Ultraweak Broadband Emission.

4.6 Extremely Simple FROG Device.

4.7 Other Progress.

4.8 Conclusions.

5 Nonlinear Optics (John Buck and Rick Trebino).

5.1 Linear versus Nonlinear Optics.

5.2 Nonlinear-optical Effects.

5.3 Some General Observations about Nonlinear Optics.

5.4 The Mathematics of Nonlinear Optics.

5.5 Phase-matching.

5.6 Phase-matching Bandwidth.

5.7 Nonlinear-optical Strengths.

6 Filamentation versus Optical Breakdown in Bulk Transparent Media (Eugenijus Gaiz&acaron;uskas).

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Conical Waves: Tilted Pulses, Bessel Beams and X-type Waves.

6.3 Dynamics of Short-pulse Splitting in Nonlinear Media with Normal Dispersion: Effects of Nonlinear Losses.

6.4 On the Physics of Self-channeling: Beam Reconstruction from Conial Waves.

6.5 Multi-filaments and Multi-focuses.

6.6 Filamentation Induced by Conical Wavepacket.

6.7 Conclusion.

7 Photophysics and Photochemistry of Ultrafast Laser Materials Processing (Richard F. Haglund, Jr.).

7.1 Introduction and Motivation.

7.2 Ultrafast Laser Materials Interactions: Electronic Excitation.

7.3 Ultrafast Laser-materials Interaction: Vibrational Excitation.

7.4 Photochemistry in Femtosecond Laser-materials Interactions.

7.5 Photomechanical Effects at Femtosecond Timescales.

7.6 Pulsed Laser Deposition.

7.7 Future Trends in Ultrafast Laser Micromachining.

7.8 Summary and Conclusions.

8 Formation of Sub-wavelength Periodic Structures Inside Transparent Materials (Peter G. Kazansky).

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Anomalous Anisotropic Light-scattering in Glass.

8.3 Anisotropic Cherenkov Light-generation in Glass.

8.4 Anisotropic Reflection from Femtosecond-laser Self-organized Nanostructures in Glass.

8.5 Direct Observation of Self-organized Nanostructures in Glass.

8.6 Mechanism of Formation of Self-organized Nanostructures in Glass.

8.7 Self-organized Form Birefringence.

8.8 Conclusion.

9 X-ray Generation from Optical Transparent Materials by Focusing Ultrashort Laser Pulses (Koji Hatanaka and Hiroshi Fukumura).

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Laser-induced High-energy Photon Emission from Transparent Materials.

9.3 Characteristics of Hard X-ray Emission from Transparent Materials.

9.4 Possible Applications.

9.5 Summary.

10 Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication of Photonic Crystals (Vygantas Mizeikis, Shigeki Matsuo, Saulius Juodkazis, and Hiroaki Misawa).

10.1 Microfabrication of Photonic Crystals by Ultrafast Lasers.

10.2 Photonic Crystals Obtained by Direct Laser Writing.

10.3 Lithography by Multiple-beam Interference.

10.4 Conclusions.

11 Photophysical Processes that Lead to Ablation-free Microfabrication in Glass-ceramic Materials (Frank E. Livingston and Henry Helvajian).

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Photostructurable Glass-ceramic (PSGC) Materials.

11.3 Laser Processing Photophysics.

11.4 Laser Direct-write Microfabrication.

11.5 Conclusions.

12 Applications of Femtosecond Lasers in 3D Machining (Andreas Ostendorf, Frank Korte, Guenther Kamlage, Ulrich Klug, Juergen Koch, Jesper Serbin, Niko Baersch, Thorsten Bauer, Boris N. Chichkov).

12.1 Machining System.

12.2 Beam Delivery.

12.3 Material Processing.

12.4 Nonlinear Effects for Nano-machining.

12.5 Machining Technology.

12.6 Applications.

13 (Some) Future Trends (Saulius Juodkazis and Hiroaki Misawa).

13.1 General Outlook.

13.2 On the Way to the Future.

13.3 Example: “Shocked” Materials.

13.4 The Future is Here.

Index.